Generating and carbureting apparatus.



No. 858,092. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

D. MILLIOR.

GENERATING AND GARBURETING APPARATUS.

PP I ATION FILED MAR. 1 a. A o 90 I zsmnws-smmw 1.-

PATENIED JUNE 25, 1907.

D. Mum-0R. GENERATING AN-D GARBURETING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATIONIILED MAR. 27, 1906.

2 SHEETSSHBET 2.

THE NORRIS PETERS co., WASHINGTON, n, c.

DANIEL MILLIOR, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

GENERATING AND CARBURETING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1907.

Application filed March 2'7, 1906. erial No. 308,286.

To all whom it flea/y concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL MILLIOR, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 7 Impasse Royer Collard, in the city of other hydrocarbons, gas which may be used for heating and lighting purposes, for the production of motive power, or for any other domestic or industrial purposes.

The heating apparatus which have hitherto been devised as being suitable for the self-production by means of kerosene of the gas necessary for working them, have always given bad results because, in addition to producinga moreor less fuliginous flame and a disagreeable odor, the flame produced was unable to heat the gasifying device to a sufliciently high temperature for the complete gasiflcation of the petroleum. In a comparatively short time the apparatus got clogged and ceased to work. This defective working of the apparatus, the causes of which are so numerous and complex and so closely associated with one another that it suffices for one of them to occur in order to produce the stopping of the apparatus, originated chiefly however in the faulty construction both of the gasifying device producing the petroleum gas and of the device for mix ing the gas with air.

The present invention is intended to remedy the disadvantages mentioned above and to produce a simple apparatus wh ch may easily and rapidly be taken to pieces and which readily produces gas with any kind of hydrocarbons, especially with ordinary petroleum used for chimney lamps and which allows of the gas being used. in such a manner as to satisfy all the necessaryconditions for a rational carburation and for burning the mixture in a normal way with a blue flame.

The accompanying drawing shows the invention applied by way of an example only to a gasstove as used for domestic purposes, it will be readily understood that this application is only cited here without in any way being limitative, to explain the nature of the invention and the manner in which it is carried into practice, so that the adaptability of the invention for other purposes, such as heating and lighting, may be clearly understood.

In the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is an elevation of the stove in section 011 the line 1-1, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan, the supporting grate being removed. Fig. 3 is a detail in section on the line 33 of Fig. 4 of the carbureting nozzle with the compressing reservoir and the burner connected thereto; Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 3.

The heating apparatus shown in the drawing consists essentially of a frame or base a arranged in any way and of any size and. form whatsoever, on which is mounted the removable supporting grate b on which rests the saucepan, kettle or other vessel which is to be heated.

The frame a supports the gasifying vaporizer which is connected with the carbureting burner in which the mixture of air and gas is made, and which burns the said mixture.

As the principal object aimed at by the present invention is the production of an apparatus by means of which kerosene may be burned whatever its origin and quality may be, the gasifying device as well as the carbureting burner itself must be constructed in such a manner as to satisfy the complex conditions which are indispensable for the proper gasification and carburation, operations which are themselves very delicate and arerendered still more complicated in this case by the variety of the nature of the fuel employed. Indeed, the petroleum (kerosene) generally used for chimney lamps as found in the trade, is not a simple or homogeneous substance which has very definite physical properties. It is a complex and varying mixture of hydrocarbons which differ either according to their origin or the mode of manufacture of the petroleum, so that the point of vaporization of the mixture varies according to its composition. Another difliculty results from the presence of a more or less large quantity of tar in the kerosene. This tar is deposited in the gas passage and soon clogs the apparatus. All these circumstances render the problem exceedingly diflicult to produce an apparatus which works well and uses commercial petroleum as used for chimney lamps for the production of the gas required for its operation. All the apparatus hitherto constructed were obliged to have recourse to specially prepared petroleum or to light petroleum of first quality, otherwise the apparatus would not work. On the contrary, owing to the new arrangements adopted by the inventor and described below (arrangements which show excellent results which have not as yet been attained with the apparatus hitherto proposed) the operator is independent of the nature of the fuel when using the apparatus which forms the subject matter of the present invention.

The vaporizing device is composed of a straight tube 0 supported at, a on a rest of the frame to which it is fastened by suitable means, at its outer end it is connected with the supply or reservoir of petroleum which feeds the apparatus. This tube is provided inside up to the point where it passes above the burner with a filling d of wire cloth rolled up on itself or on a rod or core and forming a sort of metallic wick which fulfils an important function in as far as it serves as a filter for retaining the particles of tar, etc. contained in the petroleum.

The tube 0 which serves for the prelimi nary heating has at its entrance a cylindrical enlargement c to attenuate the counter pressure, that is to say, the effect of the pressure due to the pressure of the formation of the gas which acts against the hydrostatic or forced pressure under which the petroleum is fed to the apparatus. The part c of the tube which extends transversely above the burner is an empty chamber and acts as the vaporizing device proper. At the end of this vaporizer c a removable tube 6 is connected which is curved or bent into a coil or any other appropriate form. This tube which is fastened at one end to the vaporizing device 0 preferably by means of a suitable ground tight joint at e (or by any other tight joint which is easily disconnected), is arranged above the burner; it serves as a super-heating device and communicates at its other end with the compressing reservoir described below to which it is connected by a similar joint. This super-heating device being removable may easily be cleaned or replaced at small cost by a new one, when it is out of use owing to the wear and tear resulting from the high temperatures to which it is exposed.

The compressing reservoir consists of a hollow cover or receptacle f of any suitable shape, forming a lid or top for the carbureting nozzle 9, and is provided with a nipple f", to which is connected the end of the superheating device 6, and is also interiorly provided inside with a wire-cloth diaphragm f which forms a filter for keeping back foreign bodies which might pass on to the compressor. It opens through the nipple blast f 2 (which is protected against all obstruction during the working of the apparatus by the diaphragm f) into the carbureting nozzle 9 which consists of a tubular body closed by the cover f and having two rows of air-inlet holes g g each of which is provided with a perforated ring 9 g for regulating the access of air, which rings may be operated by means of the handles 9 g.

The cover is mounted air-tight on the body of the carbureting nozzle so as to close under pressure by means of a screw or wedge. In the drawing, the closing is effected by a lid h which is held in position by a stirrup i pivoting at i on the lower part of the cylindrical body 9 of the carbureting nozzle and engaging below with two cams or inclined planes h 7L2 formed on the top of the lid 71 and capable of being brought to engage with the un derside of the top of the stirrup i when once the latter is raised above the lid, so as to secure the fastening of the joint by a rotary movement of said lid 72,, which may be turned on its seat on the top of the hoodf by means of the handle 7L3. The top of the stiriup might also be provided with a screw sup ported on the top of the lid.

The interior of the carbureting nozzle 9 is divided between the two rows of holes 9 9 by a conical partition 9 which forms the first conical chamber 9 into which the holes 9 open and which communicate at g with a second chamber 9 which is also conical and into which the holes 9 open, the second chamber again communicating by means of a contracted central opening 9 with the channel j of the chamber of the burner. If necessary, the number of conical chambers such as g", 9 could be increased at will.

Hitherto all the apparatus burning petroleum gas allowed the gas produced to escape directly into the air or into a burner formed by a chimney (simple vertical tube) which is covered or not with wire cloth. This mode of emitting the gas never gave a perfect carburation and did not allow of the air required for the proper working of the apparatus to be regulated. In consequence thereof, the gasification was imperfect. The carbureting burner herein described avoids these disadvantages. In; contradistinction to all apparatus hitherto proposed, the arrangement adopted for the gasifying device is such that owing to the existence of the compressing reservoir with its cloth and of the carbureting nozzle described securing the draft, the present apparatus never requires pricking, i. e. the use of a pin for removing obstructions and can always be started instantaneously The burner, placed beneath the superheating and gasifying device a and the part c of the tube 0 forming the vaporizing device, consists of a mixing chamber j into which the channel opens, and which is maintained in a heated state, insuring the more thorough commingling of the gas and air and preventing condensation between the carbureter and burner. This chamber supported by legs placed in recesses a of the frame a is covered by a lid j having holes j" from which the flames issue and maintain the vaporization and the gasification of the petroleum in c and 6. Inside the mixing chamber is arranged a mixing grate 3' formed of a removable perforated partition and beneath the burner, to the legs of which it is suspended is a support 7c in which a recipient or cup for lighting purposes (not shown in the drawing) may be placed in which a little alcohol is burned when the apparatus is started for the initial heating of the tube 0 and the coil e. A petroleum-pilotflame could also be, provided for heating the apparatus. The holes j of the lid of the burner are made in such number and of such diameter that the total section of the outlets through which the flames issue corresponds to the quantity of gasemitted and delivered to the carbureting device. This peculiarity of the burner combined with a carbureting nozzle in which the access of air may be regu lated at will by means of the rings 9'', 9 allows the burner to be fed with the exact quantity of air required for the complete combustion of the gas produced. As there is no excess of air, the temperature for gasifying the petroleum is'not lowered and the gasification is produced in a normal manner. Furthermore, the carburation effected under these conditions, that is to say in a closed vessel and with an access of air which may be regulated so as to be in accordance with the nature (or composition) of the fuel, allows of a homogeneous mixture being obtained, of producing from a calorific point of view the maximum effect and of securing a regular burning without smoke or odor, with any kind of petroleum. The flames emitted are thus apt in turn to maintain a perfect gasification of the petroleum, a gasification which is effected at a high tension so that the gas as it issues into the carbureting nozzle under high pressure produces a strong access of air. This new principle of carburation possesses another very important advantage in as far as the gas produced is issued into a hot vessel where the mixture of the gas and the I air takes place without any appreciable cooling; this enables the gas to retain almost all the tension with which it enters the carbureting burner so that condensation is avoided.

With this apparatus excellent results may be obtained even with a very small hydrostatic pressure for feeding petroleum to the apparatus. Nevertheless the apparatus can obviously be worked with high pressure or a forced feeding according to the number of calories desired.

It is readily understood that the invention is not limited to the kind of burner described above. Without deviating from the spirit of the invention the same effect could be obtained with a burner of any form, for instance with a round tube arranged horizontally or with an arrangement in the manner of a sprinkling rose in which the gas would escape vertically and upwardly, while at the same time maintaining in these various arrangements the principle described above of burning in a closed vessel, as also that of the compressing reservoir or hollow cover f and the described carbureting device, as well as the proportions desired for the section of the outlets. It will also be understood that the invention does not only apply to the little stove of the kind shown in the drawing, but to any kind of apparatus for heating on an industrial scale as also to lighting purposes. In the latter case, particularly the tube 0, the

vaporizing device 0 and the super-heating and gasifying device 6 could be arranged vertically instead of horizontally, and would be heated by a burner of an appropriate description. Finally, an apparatus of this kind could be used-as a generator for various purposes by taking gas from the compressing reservoir or hollow cover. The mixture of air and gas could also be taken from the carbureting burner itself and sent through a piping even for storing purposes, so as to be used eventually in carbureters, motors, apparatus for soldering, etc. In the latter case an appropriate form would be given to the burner and the device for the preliminary heating as well as the vaporizing device would be arranged so as to make the best use of the heat produced by the burner.

I claim:

1. The combination with a burner, of a carbureting device therefor comprising a carbureting chamber having a controlled air inlet, said carbureting chamber communicating with said burner, a removable injecting nozzle comprising a hollow top forming a reservoir having an opening communicating with said carbureting chamber, a cap for said hollow nozzle, means for jointly locking said cap on said nozzle and said nozzle securely on said carbureting chamber, and means for introducing vaporized fuel to said hollow nozzle, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a hollow burner, of acarbureting device communicating therewith and comprising a chamber having a controlled air inlet, of a hollow injecting nozzle removably mounted on and forming a top for said carbureting chamber, said nozzle being provided with a top having a cam surface thereon, and means pivoted to the side of said carbureting chamber and adapted to swing over and engage said cam surface for detachably securing said nozzle to said carbureting chamber, and means for introducing to said nozzle vaporized fuel, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a hollow burner, of a carbureting device communicating therewith and comprising a'chamber having a con- IIO trolled air inlet, a hollow nozzle removably mounted on and forming a closure for said carbureting chamber, a cap for said hollow nozzle provided with a cam thereon, and a stirrup pivoted to the walls of said carbureting chamber and adapted to swing over and be engaged by said cam on said cap upon the rotation of the latter, for securely locking said nozzle on said carbureting chamber, and means for introducing vaporized fuel to said nozzle, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a hollow burner, of a carbureting device communicating therewith and comprising a chamber having a controlled air inlet, a hollow cover therefor comprising a reservoir and provided with a blast nipple directed into said carbureting chamber and a second nipple exterior of said carbureting chamber, a cap for said reservoir and locking means therefor, a vaporizing device connected with the fuel supply, and an intermediate conduit between said vaporizing device and said exterior nipple, substantially as described.

v5. The combination with a closed hollow apertured burner, of a closed carbureting device communicating therewith, comprising a walled chamber provided with controlled air inlets, an air tight cover therefor, comprising a hollow receptacle, forming a reservoir and provided with a blast nipple disposed within said carbureting device and with a second nipple exterior of said carbureting device, an

apertured diaphragm within said reservoir intermediate of said nipples, an air tight cap for said reservoir and locking means therefor, a vaporizer, and communicating means between said vaporizer and exterior nipple, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a closed hollow apertured burner, of a carbureting device communicating therewith, comprising a hollow shell, a plurality of conical partitions within said shell forming chambers communicating with each other and with said hollow burner, air inlets being formed to communicate with the interior of said conical chambers, means for regulating the supply of air through said air inlets, an air-tight cover for said carbureting chamber, comprising a hollow receptacle, forming a reservoir and provided with a blast nipple directed into said carbureting chamber and provided with a second nipple exterior of said carbureting chamber, an apertured diaphragm within said compressing reservoir intermediate of said nipples, an air-tight cap for said reservoir and locking means therefor, a vaporizing device, and a communicating conduit between said vaporizing device and exterior nipple, substantially as described.

DANIEL MILLIOR.

Witnesses:

A. P. FLIOOTEAUR, LOUIS KIRNNY. 

